Difference Between Private and Independent Schools

Distinction Between Private and Independent Schools At the point when government funded school just isnt attempting to enable a kid to succeed and meet their fullest potential, its normal forâ families to begin to think about elective choices for basic, center or secondary school instruction. At the point when this examination starts, probably tuition based schools will fire springing up as one of those alternatives. Begin accomplishing more examination, and youll likely experience an assortment of data that remembers data and profiles for both non-public schools and free schools, which may leave you scratching your head. It is safe to say that they are something very similar? Whats the distinction? Lets explore.â Likenesses Between Private and Independent Schools There is one major likeness among private and autonomous schools, and that is the factâ that they are non-government funded schools. At the end of the day, they are schools which are subsidized by their own assets, and don't get open financing from the state or administrative government.â Contrasts Between Private and Independent Schools In any case, it appears just as the terms tuition based school and autonomous school are frequently utilized as if they mean something very similar. In all actuality, they are both the equivalent and unique. Considerably increasingly confounded? Lets separate it. In general,â independent schools are really viewed as tuition based schools, yet not every single non-public school are free. So a free school can call itself private or autonomous, however a non-public school can't generally allude to itself as autonomous. Why? All things considered, this unpretentious qualification between a tuition based school and an autonomous school has to do with the lawful structure of every, how they are administered, and how they are financed. A free school has a genuinely autonomous leading group of trustees that administers the schools activity, while aâ private school can hypothetically be a piece of another substance, for example, a revenue driven partnership or a not revenue driven association, for example, a congregation or gathering place. An autonomous leading group of trustees frequently meets a few times each year to talk about the schools by and large wellbeing, including funds, notoriety, improvement, offices, and other significant parts of the schools achievement. The organization at an autonomous school is liable for completing a vital arrangement that guarantees the schools on-going achievement, and reports to the board normally on progress and how they will address or are tending to any difficultie s the school may face.â Outer associations, for example, a strict gathering or other for-benefit or not-revenue driven organization,â that can give money related help to a non-public school, not an autonomous school, will make the school less subject to educational cost and beneficent gifts for endurance. Be that as it may, these tuition based schools may bring about guidelines or potentially limitations from the related association, for example, commanded enlistment limitations and curricular progressions. Free schools, then again, regularly have a one of a kind statement of purpose, and are financed by educational cost installments and beneficent gifts. Regularly, autonomous school educational costs are more costly than their non-public school partners, which is on the grounds that most free schools depend generally on educational cost to subsidize its day by day operations.â Autonomous schools are certify by the National Association of Independent Schools, or NAIS, and regularly have stricter standards for administration than some tuition based schools. Through NAIS, singular states or areas have endorsed authorizing bodies that work to guarantee all schools inside their separate locales meet thorough prerequisites so as to accomplish accreditation status, a procedure that happens at regular intervals. Autonomous schools likewise regularly have huge blessings and huge offices, and incorporate both boarding and day schools. Autonomous schools may have a strict association, and may incorporate strict examinations as a feature of the schools reasoning, however they are represented by a free leading group of trustees and not a bigger strict association. In the event that an autonomous school wishes to change a part of its tasks, for example, dispensing with strict investigations, they just need the endorsement of their leading body of trustees and not an ove rseeing strict establishment. The State of Utah Office of Education offers a run of the mill meaning of a private school:A school that is constrained by an individual or office other than an administrative element, which is typically bolstered basically by other than open assets, and the activity of whose program rests with somebody other than freely chose or selected authorities. McGraw-Hills Higher Education site characterizes a free school as nonpublic school unaffiliated with any congregation or other office. Article altered by Stacy Jagodowski

Inherit The Wind Essay -- essays research papers

     Inherit the Wind, a play composed by Jerome Lawrence, and Robert E. Lee, is one of the best and most disputable plays of now is the ideal time. It was composed during a period of logical transformation to profit individuals of the day and later on, notwithstanding, individuals of the day made some hard memories tolerating new thoughts. It is social orders reluctance to change, and acknowledge new thoughts that make bigotry, and detest gatherings of today. This reluctance is one of the significant subjects of this play. This proposition will be additionally clarified, and upheld by such artistic components, as setting, and character all through the paper.      The first case of the people’s reluctance to acknowledge new thoughts, for example, Darwinian hypothesis, is towards the start of the book when the two sides of the indictment show up in Hillsboro. The town is marching here and there the avenues reciting, â€Å"give me that bygone era religion†, and â€Å"down with Darwin†. The incongruity of this is none of them have perused Darwin’s book, for instance, when E.K. Hornbeck was conversing with Eliza, the Bible sales rep. Eliza stated, that he, â€Å"can’t neither read nor write†, so he was unable to have perused Darwin’s book, however yet he is calling Hornbeck a â€Å"sinner, and â€Å"evil-utionist† for trusting in its thoughts. None of the town’s individuals on Mr. Brady’s side of the preliminary have perused, The Evolution of Species, not even Mr.Brady himself. All things considered, they won't acknowledge the thought or think about it. It is the town’s peopl...

25 Necessary Items For A Room Of Ones Own

25 Necessary Items For A Room Of Ones Own Virginia Woolfs  A Room of Ones Own  was a feminist rallying cry for women to have both economic security and protected, private spaces if they were to truly write. As Woolf wrote in her  essay, A woman must have money and a room of her own if she is to write fiction.” If youre able to lock a door, or even have a quiet sequestered area thats just  yours, these 25 items can help inspire that area  of creation. And, make it a little more beautiful. Okay, and sure, theyre not all necessary but they can create a sense of space in your room that makes it sacred. Especially those Virginia Woolf prayer candles. “Lock up your libraries if you like; but there is no gate, no lock, no bolt that you can set upon the freedom of my mind.” Thinking is my fighting quote: Ya know, no need to keep this strictly in  the room of ones own. Put this beautiful print up in every room of the house. Personalized office door sign: Make sure everyone knows which room is yours. Virginia Woolf prayer candle: YOU DO YOU. Metal tree bookends: For a subtle (and practical) nod to Orlandos oak. A Room of Ones Own hardcover: Display this beautiful version in a place of honor in your room. No need to hurry quote print: Because  sometimes we need the reminder. Writing journal: *praise hands* Another writing journal: Just buy me everything from this shop. Nevertheless, she persisted decal: Timely and appropriate. Antique print of a woman writing: I cant get over how perfect this is. Lighthouse literary candle: With sea salt and floral scents. Beautiful. Nasty woman mug: Woolf was definitely one of the original  nasty women. Virginia Woolf pen: Incredibly on. point. Room of ones own print: Full stop. Mrs. Dalloways tea: Every quiet  room needs tea. Virginia Woolf book bag: For all those books by rad women youll need to carry. Mrs. Dalloway book bag: Seriously, all the books. Mrs. Dalloway print: Hell yah she did. Handmade Virginia Woolf journal: Gorgeous. Anonymous bookmark: Never forget. Virginia Woolf original portrait: Its expensive, but damn I want it. Lighthouse lamp: I love the  subtle nod and simplicity of this piece. Sparkly  smash the patriarchy pens: Woolf would have approved. Virginia Woolf quote on dreams: So gorgeous. So appropriate to hang in a room of ones own. Virginia Woolf wine glass: Because that  room of my own will have wine. If you had (or have) a room of ones own, what would you  fill it with? Sign up to The Goods to  receive emails about new products and promotions in the Book Riot Store. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Saul Alinsky

Saul Alinsky was a political activist and organizer whose work on behalf of poor residents of American cities brought him recognition in the 1960s. He published a book, Rules For Radicals, which appeared in the heated political environment of 1971  and went on to become familiar over the years mostly to those who study political science. Alinsky, who died in 1972, was perhaps destined to fade into obscurity. Yet his name unexpectedly surfaced  with some degree of prominence during high-profile political campaigns in recent years. Alinskys  reputed influence as an organizer has been wielded as a weapon against current political figures, most notably Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton. Alinsky was known to many  in the 1960s. In 1966 the New York Times Magazine published a profile of him titled Making Trouble Is Alinskys Business, a lofty credential for any social activist at the time. And his involvement in various actions, including strikes and protests, received media coverage. Hillary Clinton, as a student at Wellesley College, wrote a senior thesis about Alinskys activism and writings. When she ran for president in 2016 she was attacked for supposedly being a disciple of Alinsky, despite having disagreed with some of the tactics he advocated. Despite the negative attention Alinsky has received in recent years, he was generally respected in his own time. He worked with clergymen and business owners and in his writings and speeches, he stressed self-reliance. Though a self-proclaimed radical, Alinsky  considered himself a patriot and urged Americans to take greater responsibility in society. Those who worked with him recall a man with a sharp mind and a sense of humor who was genuinely concerned with helping those who, he believed, were not being treated fairly in society. Early Life Saul David Alinsky was born in Chicago, Illinois, on January 30, 1909. His parents, who were Russian Jewish immigrants, divorced when he was 13, and Alinsky moved to Los Angeles with his father. He returned to Chicago to attend the University of Chicago, and received a degree in archaeology in 1930. After winning a fellowship to continue his education, Alinsky studied criminology. In 1931, he began to work for the Illinois state government as a sociologist studying topics including juvenile delinquency and organized crime. That work provided a practical education in the problems of urban neighborhoods in the depths of the Great Depression. Activism After several years, Alinsky left his government post to become involved in citizen activism. He co-founded an organization, the Back of the Yards Neighborhood Council, which was focused on bringing about political reform that would improve life in the ethnically diverse neighborhoods adjacent to the famous Chicago stockyards. The organization worked with clergy members, union officials, local business owners, and neighborhood groups to combat problems such as unemployment, insufficient housing, and juvenile delinquency. The Back of the Yards Neighborhood Council, which still exists today, was largely successful in bringing attention to local problems and seeking solutions from the Chicago city government. Following that progress, Alinsky, with funding from the Marshall  Field Foundation, a prominent Chicago charity, launched a more ambitious organization, the Industrial Areas Foundation. The new organization was intended to bring organized action to a variety of neighborhoods in Chicago. Alinsky, as executive director, urged citizens to organize to address grievances. And he advocated protest actions. In 1946, Alinsky published his first book Reveille For Radicals. He argued that democracy would function best if people organized in groups, generally in their own neighborhoods. With organization and leadership, they could then exert political power in positive ways. Though Alinsky proudly used the term radical, he was advocating legal protest within the existing system. In the late 1940s, Chicago experienced racial tensions, as African Americans who had migrated from the South began to settle in the city. In December 1946 Alinskys status as an expert on Chicagos social issues was reflected in an article in the New York Times in which he expressed his fears that Chicago might erupt in major race riots. In 1949 Alinsky published a second book, a biography of John L. Lewis, a prominent labor leader. In a New York Times review of the book, the newspapers labor correspondent called it entertaining and lively, but criticized it for overstating Lewiss desire to challenge Congress and various presidents.   Spreading His Ideas Throughout the 1950s, Alinsky continued his work in trying to improve neighborhoods which he believed mainstream society was ignoring. He began to travel beyond Chicago, spreading his style of advocacy, which centered on protest actions which would pressure, or embarrass, governments to tend to critical issues. As the social changes of the 1960s began to shake America, Alinsky was often critical of young activists. He constantly urged them to organize, telling them that although it was often boring daily work, it would provide benefits in the long run. He told young people not to wait around for a leader with charisma to emerge, but to get involved themselves. As the United States grappled with the problems of poverty and slum neighborhoods, Alinskys ideas seemed to hold promise. He was invited to organize in the barrios of California as well as in poor neighborhoods in cities in upstate New York. Alinsky was often critical of government anti-poverty programs and often found himself at odds with Great Society programs of Lyndon Johnsons administration. He also experienced conflicts with organizations who had invited him to participate in their own anti-poverty programs. In 1965, Alinskys abrasive nature was one of the reasons Syracuse University chose to cut ties with him. In a newspaper interview at the time, Alinsky said: Ive never treated anyone with reverence. That goes for religious leaders, mayors, and millionaires. I think irreverence is basic to a free society. The New York Times Magazine article about him, published on October 10, 1966, quoted what Alinsky would often say to those he sought to organize: The only way to upset the power structure is to goad them, confuse them, irritate them, and most of all, make them live by their own rules. If you make them live by their own rules, youll destroy them. The October 1966 article also described his tactics: In a quarter-century as a professional slum organizer, Alinsky, who is 57, has goaded, confused, and infuriated the power structures of two score communities. In the process he has perfected what social scientists now call Alinsky-type protest, an explosive mixture of rigid discipline, brilliant showmanship, and a street fighters instinct for ruthlessly exploiting his enemys weakness.Alinsky has proved that the fastest way for slum tenants to get results is to picket their landlords suburban homes with signs reading: Your Neighbor Is A Slumlord. As the 1960s went on, Alinskys tactics delivered mixed results, and some localities which had invited were disappointed. In 1971 he published Rules For Radicals, his third and final book. In it, he provides advice for political action and organizing. The book is written in his distinctively irreverent voice, and is filled with entertaining stories that illustrate the lessons he learned over decades of organizing in various communities. On June 12, 1972, Alinsky  died of a heart attack at his home in Carmel, California. Obituaries noted his long career as an organizer. Emergence as a Political Weapon After Alinskys death, some organizations he worked with continued. And Rules For Radicals  became something of a textbook for those interested in community organizing. Alinsky himself, however, generally faded from memory, especially when compared to other figures Americans recalled from the socially turbulent 1960s. The relative obscurity of Alinsky abruptly  ended when Hillary Clinton entered electoral politics. When her opponents discovered that she had written her thesis on Alinsky, they became eager to link her to the long-dead self-professed radical. It was true that Clinton, as a college student, had corresponded with Alinsky, and had written a thesis about his work (which purportedly disagreed with his tactics). At one point, a young Hillary Clinton was even invited to work for Alinsky. But she tended to believe that his tactics were too outside the system, and she chose to attend law school rather than join one of his organizations. The weaponizing of Alinskys reputation accelerated when Barack Obama ran for president in 2008. His few years as a community organizer in Chicago seemed to mirror Alinskys career. Obama and Alinsky never had any contact, of course, as Alinsky died when Obama was not yet in his teens. And the organizations Obama worked for were not those founded by Alinsky. In the 2012 campaign, the name of Alinsky surfaced again as an attack against President Obama as he ran for reelection. And in 2016, at the Republican National Convention, Dr. Ben Carson invoked Alinsky in a peculiar accusation against Hillary Clinton. Carson claimed that Rules For Radicals had been dedicated to Lucifer, which was not accurate. (The book was dedicated to Alinskys wife, Irene; Lucifer was mentioned in passing in a series of epigraphs pointing out historic traditions of protest.) The emergence of Alinskys reputation as essentially a smear tactic to use against political opponents has only given him great prominence, of course. HIs two instructional books, Reveille for Radicals and Rules For Radicals remain in print in paperback editions. Given his irreverent sense of humor, he would probably consider the attacks upon his name from the radical right to be a great compliment. And his legacy as someone who sought to shake up the system seems secure.

Marijuana vs. Alcohol in the United States Essay - 843 Words

Marijuana vs. Alcohol In The United States Marijuana and alcohol are the two most threatening drugs used in America today. Marijuana is the most illicit drug while alcohol is the most abused. Both were illegal during the prohibition but when the constitution was ratified in 1933 alcohol was made legal while marijuana remained illegal. It does not mean that because alcohol is still legal it’s less dangerous than marijuana. Both drugs lead to serious risks and should be taken with caution if used. Marijuana is a mixture of dried, shredded leaves, stems and flowers from a hemp plant better know as Cannabis sativa. Uses of marijuana can be recreational or medical and the earliest recorded uses date from the 3rd millennium BC. (Rudgley, â€Å"The†¦show more content†¦Alcohol is a drug; so mixing it with any other drug can be extremely dangerous. Drinking excessively over a period of time can cause problems with relationships, money or the law. It can also cause severe health problems and even death. From 2001 to 2005 the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports on average more than 79,000 deaths per year was caused by excessive alcohol use. (CDC, â€Å"Vital Signs†) Excessive drinking includes binge drinking, heavy drinking and any drinking by pregnant women or minors. On the other hand, the CDC does not have a category for deaths caused by the use of marijuana. Statistically, death directly from marijuana overdose is extremely rare. However, according to the FBI’s Uniform Crime Reporting data, there were a total of 1.5 million drug arrests nationwide in 2011 and out of those arrests around 750,000 were for marijuana alone. (FBI, â€Å"Person’s Arrested†) While both alcohol and marijuana should not be taken with any other drug and getting behind the wheel while drunk or high poses significant risk to everyone. Alcohol is still vastly greater in number when it comes to death than marijuana but then again one is legal while the othe r one is not. The legalization of marijuana has been an argument for over 70 years. Even though voters helped to legalize the drug in Colorado and Washington, it’s still legal for the rest of the United States. There are many pros and cons for marijuanaShow MoreRelatedEssay on Alcohol vs Marijuana1537 Words   |  7 PagesAlcohol vs Marijuana There is no culture in the history of mankind that did not ever use some kind (kinds) of drugs. Despite the well-known consequences of drug addiction, millions of people constantly consume different legal and illegal drugs. Affecting peoples mind and changing their behavior, drugs become one of the most threatening factors of social risk, resulting in increasing rates of mortality, aggressive and criminal behavior, and dissolution of social ties. This paper is devoted toRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized? Essay1714 Words   |  7 Pagesdrug free. 79 years ago, marijuana became prohibited in the United States (PBS). Today, we find the topic of marijuana’s legality in all forms of media and every level of politics. It is now a never ending topic of public debates. The goal is to answer the question that refuses to die: should marijuana be legalized? Marijuana may not be for you, it may make you paranoid or uncomfortable, and no one should be forced to use it; but, legalizin g marijuana in the United States would be beneficial for manyRead More Alcohol vs. Marijuana Essay701 Words   |  3 PagesAlcohol vs. Marijuana Alcohol and marijuana are two drugs commonly used and abused in the United States. Alcohol is the number one abused drug, while marijuana is number one among illegal drugs. While alcohol remains legal, and marijuana illegal, this does not necessarily mean that alcohol is better for you. There have been many arguments where people suggest that marijuana should be legal because alcohol is more deadly. On the other hand, there are alcoholics who would tell a pothead thatRead MoreAlcohol vs. Marijuana Essay699 Words   |  3 PagesAlcohol Vs. Marijuana Alcohol and marijuana are two drugs commonly used and abused in the United States. Alcohol is the number one abused drug, while marijuana is number one among illegal drugs. While alcohol remains legal, and marijuana illegal, this does not necessarily mean that the alcohol is better for you. There have been many arguments where people suggest that marijuana should be legal because alcohol is more deadly. On the other hand, there are alcoholics who would tell a potheadRead MoreWhy Marijuana Should Be Legalized Essay1605 Words   |  7 PagesTable of Contents I. Introduction to Cannabis II. The History of Marijuana III. The Prohibition IV. Economic Benefits of Legalizing Marijuana V. The Medical Benefits of Marijuana VI. Marijuana vs. Alcohol and Tobacco VII. Marijuana Stimulates Creativity and Brain Cell Growth VIII. Conclusion Should marijuana be legalized for recreational and medical purposes? Thesis: Since marijuana is not harshly dangerous to one’s health nor is it a hard narcotic, it should beRead MoreMarijuana vs. Alcohol People are often quick to judge those that use marijuana, but do not judge900 Words   |  4 PagesMarijuana vs. Alcohol People are often quick to judge those that use marijuana, but do not judge those who use alcohol. With medical marijuana on the rise, people are using marijuana almost as much as people using alcohol. People argue the health risk of both marijuana and alcohol, but do people really know what the health risks and benefits are? Excessive use of alcohol is accountable for 88,000 U.S. fatalities each year from 2006 to 2010. The fatalities cost the budget $224 billion according toRead More The Legalization of Marijuana Essay941 Words   |  4 PagesIn the United States marijuana has become of the most widely used drugs (drugpages). A number of movements to legalize marijuana have been gaining attention lately. Currently there are 14 states where marijuana is legal for medical use (medicalmarijuana). 41% of U.S. citizens believe marijuana should be legalized (drugpolicy) but others are still concerned about health damage. American society has lost the war against marijuana, and thats okay. We should stop wasting time and money trying to reverseRead MoreMarijuana vs Alcohol Essay1664 Words   |  7 Pagestwenties, alcohol was sipped cautiously behind the walls of speakeasies; glasses clinking under the flashing lights of entertainment signs. The hippies of the sixties and seventies passed pipes of burning marijuana, promoting peace while protesting for the rights of millions of Americans. No doubt, both drugs have had a major influence on the country, both have had their â€Å"glory† days. After a time of prohibition, the once thought sinful substance of alcohol was re-legalized. Marijuana, on the otherRe ad MoreSupport Marijuana Legalization Now! Essay1676 Words   |  7 Pagescoming, he becomes a self-destructive boy by banging his head and body against the wall causing bruising. However, since after treatment with marijuana (also called cannabis), Alexs illness was significantly improved. His parents curb his seizures by giving him a liquid form of marijuana by mouth 3 times a week. For Alexs family, the benefits of marijuana are greater than the risks. For us, the long-term side effects that are unknown for something that cant kill him are a lot better than the long-termRead MorePrayer, Homosexuality, And Alcohol And Drugs1469 Words   |  6 PagesReligion vs. Secularism in Prayer, Homosexuality, and Alcohol and Drugs The Puritans left England to be able to have the freedom of choosing their religion. Their voyage seems like a long time ago, but still today, America struggles to find the balance between religion and freedom. This paper will discuss three areas where this battle is manifested: public prayer, homosexuality, and alcohol and drugs. America today reflects the outcome of each side’s ability to make laws and the measures that were

Canadian Contribution for World Peace Free Essays

I have read Suresh Canagarajah’s article ‘ The Fortunate Traveler: Shuttling between Communities and Literacies by Economy Class ‘. He is a good writer and he has many good idea about learning English to improve literacies. In Suresh Canagarajah’s opinion, every English learners need to find a adaptive way, that will enhance their interests to learn English. We will write a custom essay sample on Canadian Contribution for World Peace or any similar topic only for you Order Now Countries’ tradition is influencing local people’s aethestic standard, so many readers are hard to accept foreign writing style. As a entreprenant writer, when they faced to conflicting and competing in different communities, they will adjust their writing style. Suresh believes that â€Å"a curiosity towards the language, the ability to intuit languistic rules from observation of actual usage, a metalinguistic awareness of the system behind languages, and the ability to creatively negotiate meaning in text are the good strategy to improve literacy†. In my heart, Chinese is my mother language, and I always talk with my Chinese friends. I’m afraid of saying something to for English speaker. When I sit on the subway or bus, sometimes I will pay attention to somebody’s conversation. At the beginning, I can catch a little information, but gradually I feel it’s hard to follow them. At last, I feel depressed and give up. In Canada, English is used in everywhere. We can learn many grammar and syntactic from there as long as carefully observed. When we read a long article, we maybe feel it’s difficult to finish and understand its meaning. I was accustomed to translate word by word, I know it’s a bad reading habit. In fact, understand the meaning in context can accurately know what message author want to deliver to readers. I think these suggestions are useful. When Suresh Canagarajah come to western academic community, he hasn’t get the expected praise. Suresh believes that â€Å"the exaggerated, passionate personalized style of writing wasn’t universally appreciated in the academic community†. Because Western academic community prefer to restrained and rigid essay rather than personalized and passionate essay. Their tradition and culture influence the writing style, so they are hard to accept foreign writing style. For example , Chinese people think some Chinese author’s opus is very nice, but none of Chinese author can obtain the Nobel Prize in Literature. Because Western audience can’t adapt Chinese writing style and understand the meaning. According to Suresh (1986), the conflicts he has faced as he shuttled between his native community and Western academic community generated many useful insights into the ideological and rhetorical challenges in academic communication. He believes that † be humble when leaning knowledge, adopt a reflective learning attitude, critical questioning of dominant practices, and contextually grounded theorization are the good way to treat conflicts. As a entreprenant writer, when he faced to conflicting and competing in different communities, they will adjust their writing style. Thus, he can try some different kinds of writing style to adapt the audience all over the world . This is a constantly move forward success. I have learned some good strategy to improve lieracy from the article by Suresh Canagarajah, I will try these ideas in learning English. In addition, if I want to write some good essay to please audiences in Canada, I think I need to change my writing style. Suresh is a good model for me to improve lieracy. How to cite Canadian Contribution for World Peace, Essay examples

The Dividend Tax Cut and Interest Rates free essay sample

President George W. Bush announced a package of tax cuts with the hopes that, when implemented, the tax cuts will stimulate the currently slow U. S. Economy. The centerpiece of the Bush plan is to eliminate the taxes investors pay on dividend income. Currently, any money an investor receives when a stock she owns pays a dividend to its investors is added to her total income at tax time. So dividend income is treated the same way, and is taxed at the same rate, as income from working. If the Bush plan becomes law, dividend income will no longer e added to an investors total income. As a result the dividends become exempt from taxation. The exact details of the plan are not currently known, because it has not been debated or passed by Congress yet. As well, there is some uncertainty as to how the government will define dividend and what exemptions, rules, and loopholes will be written into the law. For the purpose of this article, we will assume that the dividend tax cut will be wide ranging and cover most stocks when Congress passes it. The Bush Administration hopes that by eliminating the dividend tax, investors will be encouraged to buy more stocks. This, they believe, will cause a rise in the value of the market. The main question is: where will investors find the money to buy more stocks? Incomes are not likely to increase a lot in the short-term. Thus, if investors are buying more stocks, they must, necessarily, be buying less of something else. It is likely that consumers will buy less of the good that is the closest substitute to stocks, and for most consumers that good is bonds. Bonds are, in essence, a loan taken out by a government or corporation, with the remises to pay back, to holder of the bond, a fixed amount at a later date. Bonds are a close substitute for stocks, because the two goods share many attractive qualities. Both stocks and bonds tend to appreciate in value over time. Also, unlike investments like real estate and collectibles, both bonds and stocks are liquid assets, meaning it is easy and inexpensive to find a buyer anytime one wishes to sell. There are millions of brokers and organizations that will gladly buy your bond at market rates; finding a buyer for your rare beanie baby collection would be much more difficult. Since bonds and stocks are substitutes, and the dividend tax cut will make owning stocks more desirable and bonds would become less desirable to investors. Bonds would be purchased in smaller quantities. Economic theory, as well as common sense, dictates that when demand for a good falls, the price of that good will fall as well. So the dividend tax, while having the intended effect of a rise in the price of stocks, will see a corresponding fall in the price of bonds. Ads Aka Battista Ha HOPSCOTCH broker. Rue rentable cobble19 8 Mope 30TH aqua COCOA Activate days enjoyment noggin Eligibly, Kenneth, CAPTIVITY www. Rusk. Rue Composite Koran Noah. Rapacity Ha monopoly_VIII 2 raga! XX Beach, gal._VOW, Waynesboro-m. Rue object-1 Kaplan a XX Beach AT 21 MM. Tanoak, annotate. Oceanographers! The Dividend Tax Cut and Interest Rates [Part 3: The Dividend Tax Cut How Does This Effect Interest Rates? ] More of this Feature Part 1: The Dividend Tax Cut Bushs Plan Part 2: The Dividend Tax Cut Substitution of Bonds for Stocks Part 3: The Dividend Tax Cut How Does This Effect Interest Rates? Part 4: The Dividend Tax Cut How Does Interest Rate Increases from Bonds Effect You? Part 5: The Dividend Tax Cut The Supply Side Part 6: The Dividend Tax Cut Have Your Say Related Resources Bush Offers Dividend Tax Cut Plan Dividend Tax Cut and Economic Stimulus Plan White House Release Dividend Tax Cut and Economic Stimulus Package Tax Policy Center Information on Dividend Tax Cut What does any of this have to do with interest rates? Well, the interest rate on a bond is inversely related to the price of the bond, meaning that as one goes up, the other goes down. Consider a discount bond with a maturity length of one-year. Suppose you buy a $100 bond with a maturity length of 1 year for $90. This meaner that you pay $90 today, and on this date one year from now, you receive $100. The interest rate you get on this bond (formally called the yield-to-maturity) is calculated by: r = (value price) / value In this equation r is the interest rate (or yield to maturity), price is the price you pay for the bond, and value is the amount you get in one year. Now as the price decreases, the interest rate increases. This increase in the interest rate as the price creases is shown in the following chart for a discount bond with a maturity length of one year. This rise in interest rates will not be limited to Just bonds. Banks and other financial institutions use their customers deposits to either buy bonds or to loan to other customers in the form of mortgages, car loans, and business loans. These loans usually carry an interest rate of Prime + X%, where X is a number based on the likelihood the borrower will go bankrupt and default on the loan. The more likely the lender is to default on the loan, the higher X is: this is why Bill Gates gets a utter rate on his mortgage than you do. Since interest rates tend to be calculated based on Prime and the likelihood of the borrower to go bankrupt, there is a perfect relation between them and the prime rate. The prime rate is the interest rate at which banks lend money for a short- specified term to large corporations that have little chance of going bankrupt in the near future. These loans are, in reality, bonds, since the large corporations have to pay them back at a specified date, and the banks can sell these loans to other banks or institutions if they wish. Thus, if the demand for bonds decreases and causes a rise in the interest rate on bonds, the prime rate will increase (because it is as an interest rate on a bond), and cause the rate of interest to rise on all loans. So far we have Just examined changes in demand, but we know that two factors always affect price: demand and supply. What effect will the elimination of dividend taxation have on the supply of stocks and bonds? We know that consumers are now willing to pay more for stocks, and less for bonds. Corporations obtain funds for new projects by either selling bonds or by issuing new stock. Since selling stocks is now more lucrative than issuing bonds, because of the relative change in prices, we should see more companies selling stocks, and fewer companies issuing bonds. Since the supply of bonds by corporations is decreasing, we should see the price of these bonds increase. So this will mitigate the fall in bond prices caused by changes in demand. In theory, it is possible for the supply effect to outweigh the demand effect; this would happen if there were large enough reductions in the amount of bonds issued. This would cause an overall rise in bond prices, and a lowering in interest tats. This is exactly the opposite of what Ive been arguing so far. However, a dramatic fall in the amount of bonds issued is highly unlikely for two reasons. The first is that companies usually prefer to sell bonds instead of issuing new stocks. This is due to the fact that when a company sells stock, it is diluting the ownership of the company. If a company issues too much stock, there is the risk that the a single investor or group of investors will be able to buy enough stock in the company to take it over, which is called a hostile takeover. Because of this, a big rush of new stock issues is unlikely. The second reason this is unlikely is that corporations are not the only entities that sell bonds. The federal government, along with state and municipal governments and public utilities all issue bonds for their funding needs. Most governments are currently running into budgetary crunches and many are running deficits for the first time in years. The federal government will be forced to run a deficit due to increases in spending and declining revenues due to this tax cut. To finance these deficits, governments will be forced to issue more bonds. Because the number of government issued bonds will increase, we should not expect to see a dramatic drop in the total overall value of bonds issued. Most economists feel that the elimination of the dividend tax will have the intended effect of raising the demand and price of stocks, which will cause a rise in the value of the various stock market indices. However, for any change in policy, we must not just examine the intended impact of the policy, but we must determine what its unintended consequences will be. One of the unintended consequences will be that the dividend tax cut will cause a rise in interest rates. This is bad news if youre planning to buy a car or house in the future, as your monthly payments will rise due to higher interest rates. Unfortunately, I havent seen any scientific studies on how much interest rates will rise due to this policy change. Economic theory can only tell us that interest rates will rise; an extensive econometric study is needed to determine what the magnitude of the rise will be. If you have any thoughts or predictions on what will happen, or know of a study I may have missed, please Join us in the forums. I look forward to hearing your input.

Analysis of the use of music in advertising.

Analysis of the use of music in advertising. IntroductionEmotional PlaygroundMusic has been known for centuries to have a powerful effect on human responses. In the social science context, music is particularly known for its effectiveness in triggering moods and communicating nonverbally. Many marketing practitioners already accept this notion, given that music is increasingly used as a stimulus in the retail environment as well as in radio and television advertising. Music has been shown to affect consumer behaviours, particularly shopper behaviour (Milliman, 1986), as well as emotional responses (Kellaris and Kent, 1994). Marketers that playing music is in itself not enough, that music needs to be used to target groups in the market place, to differentiate from competitors and to maximise image rather than serving as a distraction. It is therefore not surprising that music has become a major component of consumer marketing, both at the point of purchase and in advertising (Bruner 1990). In this essay we will explore the role of music in advertising.AdvertisingSeidman (1981) reviewed the contributions of music to media productions (movies and educational films), concluding that cognitive and affective comprehension of stimuli can be influenced. Music is a complex chemistry of controllable elements (Bruner, 1990). Unfortunately, no definitive taxonomy of music elements has been developed. Time and pitch-related characteristics appear on almost all lists and also have some empirical confirmation (Kellaris and Kent, 1994). Though less clear, evidence also has been found for a third factor, musical texture (Bruner, 1990).Advertisers often deliberately try to convey and transfer underlying, yet unasserted, meanings to viewers. The view that an advertisement is a one-way communicative process is a narrow one since one also needs to consider the information processing responses of the receivers as they perceive and interpret messages and images in advertisements (Procter et al 2001). Designers of advertising me ssages expect viewers...

Free Essays on Daughter Of Amcoma

Welcome to a world where knowing politics is survival and the best atFeist has joined with Janny Wurts to render a tale from the other side of the Rift War, the Tsurani Empire of Kelewan. Feist's and Wurts's new series takes the reader on a ride through the Empire, while the war with Midkemia takes a distant yet poignant back seat. As the story opens, Mara, the daughter of Lord Sezu of House Acoma, is vowing her honor and future to the Order of Lashima, Goddess of the Inner Light. Lord Sezu and his son and heir, Lanokota, have fallen in the battle with Midkemia. Brought down by the treachery and betrayal of a rival house, Minwanabi and the Lord Jingu, the House Acoma's fate descends upon Mara mere moments before she is sworn into the Order. Grieved and stunned by the deaths, she is whisked away to become Lady of House Acoma, a rarity in the history of the Empire. As her barge thrusts through the waterways of Kentosani toward her home, Mara is beset with thoughts of vengeance, pain, fear, anger, and confusion as she struggles to deal with the deaths of her admired father and adored brother and her new duties as Lady of House Acoma. The Acoma garrison has been weakened because hundreds of her father's soldiers followed him into battle and were cut down by the Midkemian barbarians in that distant land. Though wealthy, the House Acoma is in grave danger of being destroyed by a further thrust of Lord Jingu of the Minwanabi as he plays the time-honored Game of the Council. Realizing she is naive in the Game of the Council, where low houses can be made mighty and mighty houses ascend to the Emperorship or end in ruin, Mara must quickly gain experience if her family name is to survive. The empire Mara and her family have lived in for so long is full of political maneuvering, blood feuds, assassins, and wily merchants, beggars and grey warriors. House Acoma is one of the oldest families of the Empire and, with the recent events, ... Free Essays on Daughter Of Amcoma Free Essays on Daughter Of Amcoma Welcome to a world where knowing politics is survival and the best atFeist has joined with Janny Wurts to render a tale from the other side of the Rift War, the Tsurani Empire of Kelewan. Feist's and Wurts's new series takes the reader on a ride through the Empire, while the war with Midkemia takes a distant yet poignant back seat. As the story opens, Mara, the daughter of Lord Sezu of House Acoma, is vowing her honor and future to the Order of Lashima, Goddess of the Inner Light. Lord Sezu and his son and heir, Lanokota, have fallen in the battle with Midkemia. Brought down by the treachery and betrayal of a rival house, Minwanabi and the Lord Jingu, the House Acoma's fate descends upon Mara mere moments before she is sworn into the Order. Grieved and stunned by the deaths, she is whisked away to become Lady of House Acoma, a rarity in the history of the Empire. As her barge thrusts through the waterways of Kentosani toward her home, Mara is beset with thoughts of vengeance, pain, fear, anger, and confusion as she struggles to deal with the deaths of her admired father and adored brother and her new duties as Lady of House Acoma. The Acoma garrison has been weakened because hundreds of her father's soldiers followed him into battle and were cut down by the Midkemian barbarians in that distant land. Though wealthy, the House Acoma is in grave danger of being destroyed by a further thrust of Lord Jingu of the Minwanabi as he plays the time-honored Game of the Council. Realizing she is naive in the Game of the Council, where low houses can be made mighty and mighty houses ascend to the Emperorship or end in ruin, Mara must quickly gain experience if her family name is to survive. The empire Mara and her family have lived in for so long is full of political maneuvering, blood feuds, assassins, and wily merchants, beggars and grey warriors. House Acoma is one of the oldest families of the Empire and, with the recent events, ...

Landscape Architecture Semester Project Term Paper

Landscape Architecture Semester Project - Term Paper Example The institute has original and unique experimental equipments for example vibration tables for earthquakes simulations, climatic chambers used for the purpose of testing of structural elements, components used in building as well as exterior and interiors. The institution is located at 37025’21†W. the CDP as analyzed by the United States Census Bureau has a total amounting to area of about 2.8 square miles which is equivalent to 7.3km2. this area in which this institution is constructed, experiences warm, however, not that much hot and dry summers, with no average monthly temperature measurements above 71.60 F. as described by Koppen Climate system, the institution possesses a warm-summer Mediterranean climate. The institution has a population of about 13810. As a client I will be crucial in ensuring that the core necessities for the building are communicated to various groups involved. I should make sure that the right questions concerning the construction are asked. Stanford University is a private research institute located at Stanford in California. It is also considered one of the most prestigious institutions in the world. It owns the highest undergraduate selectivity and the tops positions in various areas and measures in the United States. Leland Stanford established the institution in 1885. Stanford University is a private research institute located at Stanford in California. It is also considered one of the most prestigious institutions in the world. It owns the highest undergraduate selectivity and the tops positions in various areas and measures in the United States. Leland Stanford established the institution in 1885. Leland was the former governor and senator of United States. The institution was begun in 1891 as a coeducational and non-denominational institution. Stanford University struggled financially after Leland’s demise in the

What is new media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What is new media - Essay Example nication content, such that either unique content would be passed on to one individual at a time, or general content would be passed to many audiences at a time, but both would not occur simultaneously (Crosbie, 1998). The old media comprised of one-to-one (interpersonal communication) or one-to-many (mass communication), where the interpersonal communication would allow for passing a unique content to one person only; at a time, while the mass media would allow for the distribution of the same message to a large audience, but without the ability to make the content individualized or made unique for any single individual (Crosbie, 1998). Thus, the New Media can be defined as the mode of communication that allows for unique and general content transmission at a time, meaning that using the new media, an individual can be able to communicate a unique message to a selected individual in form of a one-to-one communication, and at the same time be able to send a general communication content to a wider audience (Crosbie, 1998). Thus, New Media is characterized by the possibility of democratization of the communication content; the possibility to send and receive communication either in the form of unique or general content for an individual. The New Media can also be defined as a creation of the technological advancement, such that it is a communication media that could not have been possible if technology did not exist (Manovich, 2001). It is possible to communicate one-to-one without any technological aid, for example through face-to-face communication of two individuals. Additionally, it is possible to communicate to a wider audience without the use of technology, for example a leader addressing a gathering. However, it is not possible to communicate a unique content to one individual and pass general information to the rest of the gathering, if technology does not exist. In this respect, New Media is the communication media that is technology-dependent, and which

Psychological and Social Factors

Psychological and Social Factors Discuss the psychological and social factors that influence people adoption of healthy or unhealthy lifestyles Evidence from various researches has shown that major causes of death are from individual behaviour. Health behaviour with regards to alcohol consumption, smoking, type of diet and exercise plays an important role when projecting the life span of an individual. Hence behaviour and lifestyle have a significant correlation to good health and longevity (Naidoo Will 2008). Individual have the free will to choose whether or not to adopt a healthy lifestyle. An individual lifestyle reflects their values and beliefs, though it is a combination of habits and conventional ways of doing things (Knok 2006). There are several factors affecting the choice of healthy or unhealthy lifestyle by an individual. This essay will focus on alcohol abuse which is one of the various unhealthy lifestyles that people adopts. In order to gain in-depth knowledge of the factors that affect and contribute to the unhealthy behaviour of alcohol abuse; this essay would identify contents such as social learning theory, health belief model, genetic theories, cognitive and behavioural theories, social economic status, culture, effect of media and some examples from real life. A healthy lifestyle is an element of choice and behaviour that is aimed at preventing disease and enhancing health and well- being (Ogden 2000). Beliefs and values has been highlighted by Tones and Tilford (2001); Tones and Green (2004) as major influence that affects the practice of a healthy lifestyle. The health belief model, health locus of control and the theory of reasoned action are some of the theories that seeks to explain individual behaviour that affects their health. It has been suggested that preventive health behaviour by perceived susceptibility, perceive severity and perceived beliefs and barriers (For example a cousin of mine by name Mr B was driven to stop drinking alcohol.. When my uncle (his father) who has been a heavy drinker of this stuff, suddenly became seriously sick and within a short period time he died. He was diagnosed with cirrhosis of liver. The cause of the death of my uncle has played a role in the behaviour change of my cousin (Mr B). He has the perception of the risk and seriousness of the illness. This means that he felt susceptible to the illness. However individuals have beliefs related to both their health and illness. This beliefs influence their behaviour which in turn have impact on how healthy they are. Hence Leventhal et al 1980, 1997 clearly defined illness belief as patient own implicit common sense belief about illness. The kind of lifestyle an individual chooses is determined by the beliefs and attitudes. According to Jennie Naidoo and Jane Wills 2008, theory of planned behaviour consisted of attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control. If for example an individual believed that cutting down on drinking would make life more productive (attitude) and believed that people that are important in his/her life wanted him/her to stop (subjective norm ) and on evaluation of internal and external control factor (behaviour control) this would predict him/her a high intention to stop. This concept relates to what happened to mine cousin (Mr B) having evaluated the consequences and influence of the family, he decided to stop. he theories of planned behaviour in psychology as suggested by Rise et al 2002 relates to belief which strongly affects behaviour and therefore make the belief a subjective probability that a specific behaviour will generate an outcome. Individuals that adopt unhealthy behaviour drinking alcohol has been classified as either binge or a steady drinking (Carlson 2004).The evidence suggests that binge drinking has a both an environmental and a genetic component. Ciccocioppo and Hyytia 2006, Goldman et al 2005, Kreeket al 2001 was of the opinion that some people are born alcoholic. They strongly believed that these people are genetic tendency to alcoholism. Even though a person may have a genetic tendency to alcoholism, the general influence of environment over genes has to be taken into consideration. Pavlov (1949) in social learning theory reflects learning by modelling and associating behaviour. It is pertinent to note that this may involve classical conditioning (internal and external cues) reinforced positively or negatively conditioning and observational learning (Walker 2004) Children learn lots of habits from parents, relations and peers. This may result in them coping in their behaviour through observational learning. For instance sons of steady drinkers have a seven times greater risk of being a steady drinker themselves than sons of non-drinkers. Daughters of steady drinkers often show somatization disorder, where they complain frequently about illness even in non-existence of provable illness problems (Carlson 2004). Studies have revealed that alcohol abuse is a form of drug dependence. It has been stated that more than a quarter of adults aged 16-24 in England are drinking more than the recommended limits which could harm their health. It was also implied that 8.2 million adults need some form of intervention (Drummond et al 2004). It has been highlighted that 27% of men are drinking more than 21 units a week and 17% of women are drinking more than 14units a week in the United Kingdom (Office of National Statistics General Household Survey 2003). Excessive alcohol use can damage body organs for example cirrhosis of the liver and violent tantrums which sometimes lead to suicide. It is also widely acknowledged that alcohol misuse and abuse has a great impact on health and social well-being (Miller and Rollnick 2002). The question then arises, why do people engage in such unhealthy behaviour? It has been noted that parents are more important at early stage but individual may therefore be unrealistically optimism if they focus on the times when they drink in moderation when assessing their own risk and ignore the times when they do not. In addition focussing on the times when others around them drink to excess and ignoring the times when they are more sensible. Hence Weinstein (1984) emphasised that individuals focus more on overlooking their own risk -increasing behaviour and concentrating mainly upon their risk reducing behaviour. People hold beliefs about their own vulnerability to a given problem and make judgements concerning the extent to which they are at risk. They believed that they were less likely than others to get the health problem (Weinstein 1987 ) In view of this therefore unrealistic optimism determines unhealthy lifestyles of alcohol users who under estimate the risks of having oral cancer (Dillard Mccaul Kleen 2006) Health psychology relates to health and behaviour and the fact that human being has a complex system and unique in nature made illness as a multitude of interacting factors such as biological, behaviours, beliefs and social interactions. (Engel 1997 1980 ) However locus of control in health psychology determines the extent to which people have control over event that have impact in their lives. Some people suppose that their actions and what happens to them is up to them and consider events as personally controllable. These individual strongly belief that the events of outcomes are their own behaviour and is regarded as internal locus of control. While some people believe that outcomes of events are largely not controlled by them but lies in the hand of fate (Wallston and Wallston 1982, Hudson 2001) From all inactions people with high internal control are likely to live a healthier life style in contrast to the external locus control since they would be looking for rationale behind t he events that leads to the behaviour Sociology health and illness concept which relates to socioeconomic status, ethnicity, culture and media have important role in determining the lifestyle of individual. There are constraints embedded in people lives that may be dormant factor in the decision to practice a healthy lifestyle and these constraints may in fact leave people with little or no choice in exposing themselves to unhealthy conditions (British Journal 2006). Social class does impact in health and illness. There is a great correlation between the level of profession and mortality: through the correlation between the level of profession and morality, it is hinted that the higher up the social level the longer the life expectancy (Mark 2005, Scnitter 2004) emphasised those in the lower social class have a poorer health status than those in higher social classes. Individual in diverse social classes frequently have different nutritional styles, leisure time activities and manners towards health (Townsend et al, 1988,1992 cited by British Journal 2006). People in the lower social class often adopt more dangerous and health damaging behaviour. They prefer not to eat well, prefer to smoke more cigarettes and prefer to drink more (Devinder Rana and Dominic Upton 2009). People choice this unhealthy behaviour because they found it as the only way know to them, that work for them and available for them to get through difficult situations and proble ms. An example is my cousin Mr B who is a 45 years African British man who was brought to live in Britain at the age of 10 years due to the father migration to work in the United Kingdom. Mr B often truanted from school and began binge drinking from the age of 12-13 years old. He went out of the school at the age of 14 years without any certificate. And went out of the parent house and followed his peers who also abuse drugs (cannabis) and alcohol. The extended family effort in modelling his life and not to follow his father footsteps proved abortive as he never sleeps at home nor take their advice. At the age of 17 years, he got job as a warehouse clerk but could not hold the job more than six months because he always use the money on alcohol to the extent that he could not afford his house rents and bills. He started living on benefit and had council flat. As he had been addicted to alcohol he could not even use the benefit for food. He uses it on alcohol. He became having malnutr ition due to lack of good dietary intake. At the age of 35 years he was diagnosed with oral cancer. The role of family and social networks in shaping and sustaining life style in child development can not be over-emphasised. In view of this family, peer group, school has a great influence on an individual lifestyle (Ochieng 2003) In most cases people like my cousin Mr B realised their failure in life and then indulged in drinking in order to cover their weaknesses and believe that the use of alcohol as a means to get through their shortcomings and situations.(Devinder Rana Dominic Upton 2009). From sociological perspective different ethnic groups have different health status. The term ethnic groups covers a large number of individuals (Rassol 2006) cited by DEvinder Rana Dominic Upton. It is important to note that ethnic groupings include beliefs, tradition, languages and moral values. In addition factors such as lifestyles, custom or marriage, religion also influence these ethnic groupings. For example white lrish men (58%) and women (37%) were likely than other ethnic group to drink in excess of government lines followed by Black Caribbean (27%) men and (17%) of women while the least is the Pakistani Bangladesh and Chinese groupsÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  (Devinder Raha Dominic 2009. From this indication the mode of consumption of alcohol by these different ethnic groups would have great impact on their health status (Sangster et al cited by Devinder Raha Dominic). Ethnic group with high level of alcohol of consumption would be more prone to cancer and other rela ted diseases than ethnic with less consumption. (Adam-Campbell 2001) In essence white Irish consumed more alcohol than other EU countries (Goodman Lovejoy Sherratt 2007 It has also been argued by sociologists and psychologists that environment in which people live due to social status have great impacts on their behaviour. For example if individual found himself/herself in a volatile, unhealthy environment where people living in such area mostly indulge in alcohol use as lifestyle then there is the tendency that the individual would join the bandwagon in order to integrate into the community. On the other hand if the community is more engaged in physical lively lifestyle in order to deal with stress, boredom and problem then the individual would live a lifestyle that would project the image of the community.(Joens-Matre et al 2008) Individuals have the right to choose whether or not to adopt a healthy lifestyle and therefore media plays a vital role in determining the choices. In essence therefore media affects behaviour and greatly accounts for structuring or shaping lifestyles (Bells Hollows 2005). Generally the motive of mass media is to shape the common sense, cultural ideas and the interpretation of the world (Russell and Edgar 1988 cited by Jennis Naidoo and Jane Wills 2008). The social impact of media is to effect fundamental behavioural changes among a large section of the population and this effectively done in television broadcasting which has a massive influence on the viewers. In conclusion alcohol is a drug that contributes to an estimated 40000 deaths per year with significant cost to the NHS (Taylor 2006). Undoubtedly there would be a continuous rise in the trend in alcohol consumption due to the relaxing of licensing laws related to public house opening hours. This RED signal or unhealthy behaviour of the people should be a great concern to the government and now Government should see people as ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¹Ã…“first concern not the monetary aspect. Recently a call has been made by health practitioners that Government should ban advertisement of alcohol through sports and musical sponsorship. Policy should now be centred on how to provide vital information on health and accessibility of healthcare to all in respective of the social class, ethnic, or disadvantaged people. People adopt a good lifestyle based on information available. (Great Britain 2000) emphasised and encouraged people to take up physical exercise in order to have a healthy lifestyle. A lifestyle can either be positively or negatively reinforced by source of information on positive lifestyle, family and social network. By and large the writer is of the view that whatever the attractions, appeals or social norms attached to alcohol, it is a drug that has psychological and sociological effect on lives of the people in particular and society in general. It is a stimulant and then a depressant that affects the reasoning and judgement of individual. To cap it all it is a mood changing and therefore leads to violence and poor health. REFERENCES 1) Adams-Campbell, L.L (2001), Diet, Genetic Polymorphisms and Breast Cancer in African-American.Ft. Belvoir, Defence Technical Information Centre 2) Bell, D Hollows, J (2005). Ordinary lifestyles: Popular media, consumption and taste. Maiden, England, Open University Press. 3) Carlson N R (2004) Physiology of Behaviour 8th edn. Allyn and Bacon, Boston 4) Ciccocioppo, R Hyytia P (2006) The genetic of alcoholism, learning from 50 years of research, Addictions Biology 11 (3-4) 193-194 cited by D Rana D Upton 5) Dillard A.J Mccaul K D Klein W M (2006) Unrealistic optimism and self protective motivation. Journal of Health Communication 11, 93- 102 6) Drummond C, Oyeso A Philips T (2004). Department of Health Alcohol Needs Assessment Research Project (ANAPR) Stationery Office London 7) Goodman J, Lovejoy, P E Sherrant A (2007). Consuming habits: global and historical perspectives on how cultures define drugs. London, Rouledge 8) Great Britain, 2000. Encourage Walking: advice to local authorities, Integrated transport. London 9) Joens-Matre, Welk G J, Calabro M A, Rusell D W, Nicklaye E, Hansley L D (2008). Rural-urban differences in physical activity, physical fitness and overweight prevalence of children. The journal of Rural Health: Official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health care Association. 24, 49-54 10)Kwok, I 2006). Healthy lifestyle, Liberal studies in life. Hong Kong. Manhattan Press 11)Leventhal, H Cleary P. D (1980): A review of the research and theory in behavioural risk modification. Psychological Bulletin. 88, 370-405 12) Mark, D. F (2005) Health Psychology Theory, Research and Practice, Sage Publications 13)McCambridge J, Strang J (2004). The efficacy of single session motivational interviewing in reducing drug consumption and perceptions of drug related risk and harm among young people, Addiction, Practice Nursing 2008 vol. 19, 287-291 14)Miller W.R, Rollnick S (2002) Motivational Interviewing: preparing people to change. Addictive Behaviour, Guilford Press, London 2nd edn. Guilford Press, New York 15)Naidoo, J Wills, J (2008) An introduction Health Studies 2nd edn. Pulished by Palgrave Macmillian, Houndmills Basingstoke Hampshire New York 16)Ochieng B. M. N 92003) Minority ethnic families and family-centred care. Journal of child Health; 123-32 17)Office for National Statistics (2004) Living in Britain Results from 2002 General Household Survey. British journal of nursing 2006 vol. 15, 1217-19. The Stationery office, London 18)Ogden, J (2000) Health Psychology, Buckingham. Open University Press 19)Rana, D Upton D (2009) Psychology for nurses, 1st published. Pearson Education Limited Edinburgh Gate, Harlow Essex England 20)Rassol, G. H (2006) Substance abuse in black and minority ethnic communities in the United Kingdom. Journal of Addiction Nursing 17, 59-3 as cited by D Rana D Upton 21)RiseJ, Kovac V Kraft P, Moan I. S (2008) Predicting the intention to quit smoking and behaviour; British journal of health psychology 13, 291-310 22)Russell A Edgar L R (1998) Research and Practice in the anthropology of welfare,. The anthropology of welfare. London. Routledge cited by J Naidoo J Wills (2008) 23)Sangster, D Shiner, M Patel K Sheikh N (2001).Deliveries Drug Services to Black and minority ethnic communities, DPASS 16 London cited by D Rana D Upton 2009-09-10 24)Schnitter J (2004) Education and the changing shape of the income gradient in health. Journal of health and social behaviour, 45 (3) 286-305 cited by D Rana D Upton 2009-09-10 25)Taylor B (2006) Implementation and clinical audit of alcohol detoxification guidelines. British journal 15 (1) :30-7 26)Tones K. Green J (2004) Health Promotion:Planning and Strategies, Sage London 27)Tones K Tilford S (2001) Health Promotion: Effectiveness, Efficiency and Equity. Nelson Thornes, Cheltenham 28)Townsend P Davidson N, Whitehead M, (1988) Inequalities in Health. British journal of community nursing vol.11 78-81 (2006). Penguin London 29)Wallston K.A Wallston B.S (1982), Hudson (2001) cited by Naidoo J Wills J (2008) 30)Walker, J, Payne, S, Smith P, Jarret N (2004) Psychology for nurses and the caring professions 2nd edn. London Open university Press 31) Weinstein N (1987) cited by Naidoo J Wills (2008)

On Becoming A Leader Essay

Nowadays, the title of â€Å"leader† seems to be sloppily thrown here and there. For the inexperienced eye, if someone seems to be the dominant individual in a group, people automatically ascribe the term to the person. Nowadays, it seems to be more of having a title than meeting that title’s responsibilities. It is imperative for a leader to know what enables his leadership; he should know how he had come to that position. In retrospect, a good study of the great leaders has amounted to a list of qualities that they innately possess. Bennis, (2003) in his book, â€Å"On Becoming A Leader† talks about what it takes to become a leader. There are different so-called â€Å"ingredients† that the author attributes the greatness of those people who have been worth enough to be called leaders of their generation. He speaks of ingredients such as guiding vision wherein a leader knows where he is going and knows how to get there. It is the proverbial horizon that the leader looks to. Another ingredient is passion—it is an enduring love for what he is doing. The author also speaks about integrity and being honest to oneself. He talks about the importance of doing away with self-deception and aligning one’s thoughts with one’s words and actions. He adds curiosity and a daring attitude to the mix as he stresses the importance of learning how to not be satisfied with the status quo by taking on challenges which have real-life risks. Finally, he closes with one of the most poignant traits that a leader must have. He bases his findings on a simple, yet hard-to-define element: trust. The author gives several reasons why it is important for a leader to be trustworthy. This trait essentially speaks of a leader’s integrity and how he deals with other people. Bennis says that it is one of the qualities that can only be earned and not acquired. It is given freely by the leader’s peers and followers. (Bennis, 2003) Trust is said to be one of the essentials that a leader needs in order to have his or her group up and running. Like a car without fuel, a leader will not be able to function if those under the leadership do not trust him. More than anything, this is the most vital part of any type of leadership. If the people are unable to follow the leader because they do not trust him or her, then it would be better if there was no one to follow at all. Apart from trust, all of the other ingredients are learned. Ordinary people will eventually learn how to look at the big picture and become accountable to themselves and to others. Leaders-to-be will eventually engender a love and a passion for what it is that they do but on of the things that cannot be learned is the trust that comes with responsibility. To be able to look at one’s follower and have that person say to you, â€Å"I trust you† is one of the most precious ingredients a leader can ever have. It is the cherry on top of everything else—the so-called icing on the cake without which everything will simply be ordinary and out-of-the-box. With all of the talk of having certain qualities that a leader needs to have, all of the ingredients are important but none as important as the trust that is earned by a leader.

Beowulf Comprehension Questions Essay

Please be sure that you answer in complete sentences using quotes from the text to support your responses. After reading Section 1: 1. What role does Hrothgar play in the epic? -The role that Hrothgar played in the epic was the role of the king. 2. Who/what is causing so much grief in Hrothgar’s kingdom? -Grendel, the monster, was causing a lot of grief in the kingdom. â€Å"How Grendel wasn’t about to stop, or pay damages.† 3. How many years has this battle with Grendel been going on? -The battle with Grendel had been going for twelve years. 4. What attempts have been made to rid the land of this beast? -The council attempted to plan many attacks against Grendel. â€Å"They even went to heathen temples, worshipped idols, and called to the Devil for help.† After reading Section 2: 1. What causes Beowulf to want to help Hrothgar? How does he get there, and how many men accompany him? -Beowulf hears of the terrors of Grendel and wanted to help the king. â€Å"So the good Geat chose the bravest warriors, fourteen of them, and that crafty sailor led them to the land’s brim,to the ship.† 2. Why does Hrothgar’s soldier question Beowulf about his lineage? -Hrothgar’s soldier questions Beowulf’s lineage because he is simply guarding his kingdom. â€Å"I wish to know your lineage now so I know you are not spies going into the land of the Danes.† 3. Why is this important to that time period? -It is important because at this time there were spies who would come to kingdoms. So they do not have any traitors coming into the kingdom. 4. Do you see any examples of alliteration or kennings? -Yes you do see examples of alliteration or kennings. An example is the â€Å"Lord of the Seamen.†.

Employee Participation Free Essay Example, 1500 words

According to Markey Townsend, employee participation also saves time for the management by involving in the matters that can be resolved by the employees themselves. Through participation, communication and cooperation among the organizational members improve gradually and thus, they can communicate regarding any issue and solve them without involving the management, which in turn saves time. Moreover, it is found among the participative workers the tendency to supervise themselves. This also helps in saving the time of the management as well as cut down the overhead cost of labor (Han et. al. , 2010). Employee s sense of dignity and power is also enhanced through participation in the decision-making process and therefore, the risk of dissatisfaction among the employees decreases that further increases performance of the organizational activities and eliminates conflict with the management. Barney Wright (1997) also stated that involving the employees in the decision-making proce ss of the organization enhances their commitment and loyalty towards the organization. Markey Townsend (2015), further noted that if the management and the employees jointly coordinate with each other in solving problems, the issues would be resolved in an effective manner. We will write a custom essay sample on Employee Participation or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page The important decisions of an organization are generally made by the top-level management along with collaboration with other higher-level authorities.